橡胶rubber 密封圈特性，耐温范围，各种油液、冷冻液，水乙二醇glycol介质适用情况。

概述

工作需要，经常会碰到各种流体介质：普通液压油、航空液压油，航空冷冻液，发动机滑油，这些油液的工作温度特别宽，高温会到200℃以上，低温会到-55℃，并且各种介质对橡胶还存在不兼容性，有的介质会使不合适的橡胶制品发涨，鼓包，很快会失去密封特效。
　那有没有类似的油液资料库，可以查到我们上面关注的知识点，可惜这方面网上的资料还真不多，最痛苦的是搜索方法，比如我们国内常说的：46#液压油，32号航空红油，65号冷冻液，这些描述都是为了方便称呼，泛指，但具体查资料的时候，需要油液的准确成分或型号，这方面，欧美国家是走在我们前面的，谷歌上有很多他们的介质资料，自然要找到他们对应的型号，比如,mil标准，才能找到对应的资料。
　我举个例子：65号冷冻液，这是我们的称呼，但实际成分是水和乙二醇的配比，对应mil标准是MIL-PRF-87252。
　你可以在我的友链中，找到everyspec油液资料库或谷歌中找乙二醇（glycol）或MIL-PRF-87252，注意，需要英文或纯字母型号，大概率是能找到你需要的资料的。
　但，出来的资料，仍然是特性参数，密度、比热、...我们上面提到的橡胶和介质的适用特性，介绍寥寥无几。
　所以，才有了我写这篇文章的冲动，感谢parker公司提供的原始资料，真的不愧是行业领先者，吾辈需要学习和健全的真的还需要很多！

常规材料说明

常用材料有：
丁晴橡胶NBR、氢化丁晴橡胶：H-NBR、丁基橡胶：IIR、氟橡胶：FKM、全氟橡胶：FFKM、硅橡胶：VMQ、氟硅橡胶：FMQ、FVMQ、三元乙丙橡胶：EPDM、聚丙烯酸酯橡胶：ACM、氯丁橡胶：CR、聚氨酯胶：AU、EU、丁苯橡胶：SBR、TFE/丙烯橡胶：FEPM
这些代码的编码说明：
A = Polyacrylate
B = Butyl or chlorobutyl
C = Neoprene
E = Ethylene-propylene or ethylene propylene diene
F = Parofluor Ultra
H = Hifluor
K = Hydrogenated nitrile
L = Fluorosilicone
N = Acrylonitrile butadiene (nitrile),
hydrogenated nitrile and carboxylated nitrile
P = Polyurethane
S = Silicone
V = Fluorocarbon, AFLAS, Parofluor and Hifluor
Z = Exotic or specialty blends

图解温度

一张图解来看看各种橡胶的耐温范围：

详情介绍：

Nitrile rubber (NBR)

Heat resistance
• Up to 100°C (212°F) with shorter life @ 121°C (250°F).
Cold flexibility
• Depending on individual compound, between -34°C and -57°C (-30°F and -70°F).
Chemical resistance
• Aliphatic hydrocarbons (propane, butane, petroleum oil, mineral oil and grease, diesel fuel, fuel oils) vegetable and mineral oils and greases.
• HFA, HFB and HFC hydraulic fluids.
• Dilute acids, alkali and salt solutions at low temperatures.
• Water (special compounds up to 100°C) (212°F).
Not compatible with:
• Fuels of high aromatic content (for flex fuels a special compound must be used).
• Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene).
• Chlorinated hydrocarbons (trichloroethylene).
• Polar solvents (ketone, acetone, acetic acid,ethylene-ester).
• Strong acids.
• Brake fluid with glycol base.
• Ozone, weather and atmospheric aging.

Carboxylated Nitrile (XNBR)

Heat resistance
• Up to 100°C (212°F) with shorter life @ 121°C (250°F).
Cold flexibility
• Depending on individual compound, between -18°C and -48°C (0°F and -55°F).
Chemical resistance
• Aliphatic hydrocarbons (propane, butane, petroleum oil, mineral oil and grease, diesel fuel, fuel oils) vegetable and mineral oils and greases.
• HFA, HFB and HFC hydraulic fluids.
• Many diluted acids, alkali and salt solutions at low temperatures.
Not compatible with:
• Fuels of high aromatic content (for flex fuels a special compound must be used).
• Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene).
• Chlorinated hydrocarbons (trichloroethylene).
• Polar solvents (ketone, acetone, acetic acid, ethylene-ester).
• Strong acids.
• Brake fluid with glycol base.
• Ozone, weather and atmospheric aging.

Ethylene Acrylate (AEM, Vamac)

Heat resistance
• Up to 149°C (300°F) with shorter life up to 163°C (325°F).
Cold flexibility
• Between -29°C and -40°C (-20°F and -40°F).
Chemical resistance
• Ozone.
• Oxidizing media.
• Moderate resistance to mineral oils.
Not compatible with:
• Ketones.
• Fuels.
• Brake fluids.

Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR, EPDM)

Heat resistance
• Up to 150°C (302°F) (max. 204°C (400°F)) in water and/or steam).
Cold flexibility
• Down to approximately -57°C (-70°F).
Chemical resistance
• Hot water and steam up to 149°C (300°F) with special compounds up to 260°C (500°F).
• Glycol based brake fluids (Dot 3 & 4) and silicone-basaed brake fluids (Dot 5) up to 149°C (300°F).
• Many organic and inorganic acids.
• Cleaning agents, sodium and potassium alkalis.
• Phosphate-ester based hydraulic fluids (HFD-R).
• Silicone oil and grease.
• Many polar solvents (alcohols, ketones, esters).
• Ozone, aging and weather resistant.
Not compatible with:
Mineral oil products (oils, greases and fuels).

Butyl Rubber (IIR)

Heat resistance
• Up to approximately 121°C (250°F).
Cold flexibility
• Down to approximately -59°C (-75°F ).
Chemical resistance
• Hot water and steam up to 121°C (250°F).
• Brake fluids with glycol base (Dot 3 & 4).
• Many acids (see Fluid Compatibility Tables in Section VII).
• Salt solutions.
• Polar solvents, (e.g. alcohols, ketones and esters).
• Poly-glycol based hydraulic fluids (HFC fluids) and phosphate-ester bases (HFD-R fluids).
• Silicone oil and grease.
• Ozone, aging and weather resistant.
Not compatible with:
• Mineral oil and grease.
• Fuels.
• Chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Chloroprene Rubber (CR)

Heat resistance
• Up to approximately 121°C (250°F).
Cold flexibility
• Down to approximately -40°C (-40°F).
Chemical resistance
• Paraffin based mineral oil with low DPI, e.g. ASTM oil No. 1.
• Silicone oil and grease.
• Water and water solvents at low temperatures.
• Refrigerants
• Ammonia
• Carbon dioxide
• Improved ozone, weathering and aging resistance compared with nitrile.
Limited compatibility
• Naphthalene based mineral oil (IRM 902 and
IRM 903 oils).
• Low molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbons
(propane, butane, fuel).
• Glycol based brake fluids.
Not compatible with:
• Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene).
• Chlorinated hydrocarbons (trichloroethylene).
• Polar solvents (ketones, esters, ethers).

Fluorocarbon (FKM)

Heat resistance
• Up to 204°C (400°F) and higher temperatures with
shorter life expectancy.
Cold flexibility
• Down to -26°C (-15°F) (some to -46°C) (-50°F).
Chemical resistance
• Mineral oil and grease, ASTM oil No. 1, and IRM 902 and IRM 903 oils.
• Non-flammable hydraulic fluids (HFD).
• Silicone oil and grease.
• Mineral and vegetable oil and grease.
• Aliphatic hydrocarbons (butane, propane, natural gas).
• Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene).
• Chlorinated hydrocarbons (trichloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride).
• Gasoline (including high alcohol content).
• High vacuum.
• Very good ozone, weather and aging resistance.
Not compatible with:
• Glycol based brake fluids.
• Ammonia gas, amines, alkalis.
• Superheated steam.
• Low molecular weight organic acids (formic and acetic acids).

Fluorosilicone (FVMQ)

Heat resistance
• Up to 177°C (350°F) max.
Cold flexibility
• Down to approximately -73°C (-100°F).
Chemical resistance
• Aromatic mineral oils (IRM 903 oil).
• Fuels.
• Low molecular weight aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene).

Hydrogenated Nitrile (HNBR, HSN)

Heat resistance
• Up to 150°C (300°F)
Cold flexibility
• Down to approximately -48°C (-55°F)
Chemical resistance
• Aliphatic hydrocarbons.
• Vegetable and animal fats and oils.
• HFA, HFB and HFC hydraulic fluids.
• Dilute acids, bases and salt solutions at moderate temperatures.
• Water and steam up to 149°C (300°F).
• Ozone, aging and weathering.
Not compatible with:
• Chlorinated hydrocarbons.
• Polar solvents (ketones, esters and ethers).
• Strong acids.

Perfluoroelastomer (FFKM)

Heat resistance
• Up to 320°C (608°F).
Cold flexibility
• -18°C to -26°C (0°F to -15°F).
Chemical resistance
• Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
• Chlorinated hydrocarbons.
• Polar solvents (ketones, esters, ethers).
• Inorganic and organic acids.
• Water and steam.
• High vacuum with minimal loss in weight.
Not compatible with:
• Fluorinated refrigerants (R11, 12, 13, 113, 114, etc.)
• Perfluorinated lubricants (PFPE)

Polyacrylate (ACM)

Heat resistance
• Up to approximately 177°C (350°F).
Cold flexibility
• Down to approximately -21°C (-5°F ).
Chemical resistance
• Mineral oil (engine, gear box, ATF oil).
• Ozone, weather and aging.
Not compatible with:
• Glycol based brake fluid (Dot 3 and 4).
• Aromatics and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
• Hot water, steam.
• Acids, alkalis, amines.

Polyurethane (AU, EU)

Heat resistance
• Up to approximately 82°C (180°F).
Cold flexibility
• Down to approximately -40°C (-40°F).
Chemical resistance
• Pure aliphatic hydrocarbons (propane, butane).
• Mineral oil and grease.
• Silicone oil and grease.
• Water up to 50°C (125°F).
Not compatible with:
• Ketones, esters, ethers, alcohols, glycols.
• Hot water, steam, alkalis, amines, acids.

Silicone Rubber (Q, MQ, VMQ, PVMQ)

Heat resistance
• Up to approximately 204°C (400°F) special compounds up to 260°C (500°F).
Cold flexibility
• Down to approximately -54°C (-65°F) special compounds down to -115°C (-175°F).
Chemical resistance
• Animal and vegetable oil and grease.
• High molecular weight chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons (including flame-resistant insulators, and coolant for transformers).
• Moderate water resistance.
• Diluted salt solutions.
• Ozone, aging and weather.
Not compatible with:
• Superheated water steam over 121°C (250°F).
• Acids and alkalis.
• Low molecular weight chlorinated hydrocarbons
(trichloroethylene).
• Hydrocarbon based fuels.
• Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene).
• Low molecular weight silicone oils.

Tetrafluoroethylene-Propylene (AFLAS)

Heat resistance
• Up to approximately 232°C (450°F).
Cold flexibility
• Down to approximately -9°C (15°F). Compatible with
• Bases.
• Phosphate Esters.
• Amines.
• Engine Oils.
• Steam and hot water.
• Pulp and paper liquors.
Not compatible with:
• Aromatic Fuels.
• Ketones.
• Chlorinated hydrocarbons.

两个感想：

1.工作生活中，常常碰到很多人不严谨操作，虽然丁晴橡胶确实使用范围很广，但不可以：“一料走天下”，或者按照价格划分，“好点的就是氟橡胶了，那个贵，耐酸碱”，贵并不是合适的理由，可以看出，氟橡胶的低温特性并不好，且我们的介质并不是酸碱，不能一概而论，这些都是些无知的表现。
2.顶级技术，最终都要追溯到基础科学或材料学，同样是丁晴橡胶，别人就有耐低温的丁晴橡胶和耐高温的丁晴橡胶，我们有这个选择吗？

附件

parker公司的原始资料