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xcshare:Hydraulic Engineer,生活记录与感想!
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橡胶rubber 密封圈特性,耐温范围,各种油液、冷冻液,水乙二醇glycol介质适用情况。
概述工作需要,经常会碰到各种流体介质:普通液压油、航空液压油,航空冷冻液,发动机滑油,这些油液的工作温度特别宽,高温会到200℃以上,低温会到 55℃,并且各种介质对橡胶还存在不兼容性,有的介质会使不合适的橡胶制品发涨,鼓包,很快会失去密封特效。 那有没有类似的油液资料库,可以查到我们上面关注的知识点,可惜这方面网上的资料还真不多,最痛苦的是搜索方法,比如我们国内常说的:46#液压油,32号航空红油,65号冷冻液,这些描述都是为了方便称呼,泛指,但具体查资料的时候,需要油液的准确成分或型号,这方面,欧美国家是走在我们前面的,谷歌上有很多他们的介质资料,自然要找到他们对应的型号,比如,mil标准,才能找到对应的资料。 我举个例子:65号冷冻液,这是我们的称呼,但实际成分是水和乙二醇的配比,对应mil标准是MIL PRF 87252。 你可以在我的友链中,找到everyspec油液资料库或谷歌中找乙二醇(glycol)或MIL PRF 87252,注意,需要英文或纯字母型号,大概率是能找到你需要的资料的。 但,出来的资料,仍然是特性参数,密度、比热、...我们上面提到的橡胶和介质的适用特性,介绍寥寥无几。 所以,才有了我写这篇文章的冲动,感谢parker公司提供的原始资料,真的不愧是行业领先者,吾辈需要学习和健全的真的还需要很多!常规材料说明常用材料有:丁晴橡胶NBR、氢化丁晴橡胶:H NBR、丁基橡胶:IIR、氟橡胶:FKM、全氟橡胶:FFKM、硅橡胶:VMQ、氟硅橡胶:FMQ、FVMQ、三元乙丙橡胶:EPDM、聚丙烯酸酯橡胶:ACM、氯丁橡胶:CR、聚氨酯胶:AU、EU、丁苯橡胶:SBR、TFE/丙烯橡胶:FEPM这些代码的编码说明:A = PolyacrylateB = Butyl or chlorobutylC = NeopreneE = Ethylene propylene or ethylene propylene dieneF = Parofluor UltraH = HifluorK = Hydrogenated nitrileL = FluorosiliconeN = Acrylonitrile butadiene (nitrile),hydrogenated nitrile and carboxylated nitrileP = PolyurethaneS = SiliconeV = Fluorocarbon, AFLAS, Parofluor and HifluorZ = Exotic or specialty blends图解温度一张图解来看看各种橡胶的耐温范围:详情介绍:Nitrile rubber (NBR)Heat resistance• Up to 100°C (212°F) with shorter life @ 121°C (250°F).Cold flexibility• Depending on individual compound, between 34°C and 57°C ( 30°F and 70°F).Chemical resistance• Aliphatic hydrocarbons (propane, butane, petroleum oil, mineral oil and grease, diesel fuel, fuel oils) vegetable and mineral oils and greases.• HFA, HFB and HFC hydraulic fluids.• Dilute acids, alkali and salt solutions at low temperatures.• Water (special compounds up to 100°C) (212°F).Not compatible with:• Fuels of high aromatic content (for flex fuels a special compound must be used).• Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene).• Chlorinated hydrocarbons (trichloroethylene).• Polar solvents (ketone, acetone, acetic acid,ethylene ester).• Strong acids.• Brake fluid with glycol base.• Ozone, weather and atmospheric aging.Carboxylated Nitrile (XNBR)Heat resistance• Up to 100°C (212°F) with shorter life @ 121°C (250°F).Cold flexibility• Depending on individual compound, between 18°C and 48°C (0°F and 55°F).Chemical resistance• Aliphatic hydrocarbons (propane, butane, petroleum oil, mineral oil and grease, diesel fuel, fuel oils) vegetable and mineral oils and greases.• HFA, HFB and HFC hydraulic fluids.• Many diluted acids, alkali and salt solutions at low temperatures.Not compatible with:• Fuels of high aromatic content (for flex fuels a special compound must be used).• Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene).• Chlorinated hydrocarbons (trichloroethylene).• Polar solvents (ketone, acetone, acetic acid, ethylene ester).• Strong acids.• Brake fluid with glycol base.• Ozone, weather and atmospheric aging.Ethylene Acrylate (AEM, Vamac)Heat resistance• Up to 149°C (300°F) with shorter life up to 163°C (325°F).Cold flexibility• Between 29°C and 40°C ( 20°F and 40°F).Chemical resistance• Ozone.• Oxidizing media.• Moderate resistance to mineral oils.Not compatible with:• Ketones.• Fuels.• Brake fluids.Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR, EPDM)Heat resistance• Up to 150°C (302°F) (max. 204°C (400°F)) in water and/or steam).Cold flexibility• Down to approximately 57°C ( 70°F).Chemical resistance• Hot water and steam up to 149°C (300°F) with special compounds up to 260°C (500°F).• Glycol based brake fluids (Dot 3 & 4) and silicone basaed brake fluids (Dot 5) up to 149°C (300°F).• Many organic and inorganic acids.• Cleaning agents, sodium and potassium alkalis.• Phosphate ester based hydraulic fluids (HFD R).• Silicone oil and grease.• Many polar solvents (alcohols, ketones, esters).• Ozone, aging and weather resistant.Not compatible with:Mineral oil products (oils, greases and fuels).Butyl Rubber (IIR)Heat resistance• Up to approximately 121°C (250°F).Cold flexibility• Down to approximately 59°C ( 75°F ).Chemical resistance• Hot water and steam up to 121°C (250°F).• Brake fluids with glycol base (Dot 3 & 4).• Many acids (see Fluid Compatibility Tables in Section VII).• Salt solutions.• Polar solvents, (e.g. alcohols, ketones and esters).• Poly glycol based hydraulic fluids (HFC fluids) and phosphate ester bases (HFD R fluids).• Silicone oil and grease.• Ozone, aging and weather resistant.Not compatible with:• Mineral oil and grease.• Fuels.• Chlorinated hydrocarbons.Chloroprene Rubber (CR)Heat resistance• Up to approximately 121°C (250°F).Cold flexibility• Down to approximately 40°C ( 40°F).Chemical resistance• Paraffin based mineral oil with low DPI, e.g. ASTM oil No. 1.• Silicone oil and grease.• Water and water solvents at low temperatures.• Refrigerants• Ammonia• Carbon dioxide• Improved ozone, weathering and aging resistance compared with nitrile.Limited compatibility• Naphthalene based mineral oil (IRM 902 andIRM 903 oils).• Low molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbons(propane, butane, fuel).• Glycol based brake fluids.Not compatible with:• Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene).• Chlorinated hydrocarbons (trichloroethylene).• Polar solvents (ketones, esters, ethers).Fluorocarbon (FKM)Heat resistance• Up to 204°C (400°F) and higher temperatures withshorter life expectancy.Cold flexibility• Down to 26°C ( 15°F) (some to 46°C) ( 50°F).Chemical resistance• Mineral oil and grease, ASTM oil No. 1, and IRM 902 and IRM 903 oils.• Non flammable hydraulic fluids (HFD).• Silicone oil and grease.• Mineral and vegetable oil and grease.• Aliphatic hydrocarbons (butane, propane, natural gas).• Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene).• Chlorinated hydrocarbons (trichloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride).• Gasoline (including high alcohol content).• High vacuum.• Very good ozone, weather and aging resistance.Not compatible with:• Glycol based brake fluids.• Ammonia gas, amines, alkalis.• Superheated steam.• Low molecular weight organic acids (formic and acetic acids).Fluorosilicone (FVMQ)Heat resistance• Up to 177°C (350°F) max.Cold flexibility• Down to approximately 73°C ( 100°F).Chemical resistance• Aromatic mineral oils (IRM 903 oil).• Fuels.• Low molecular weight aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene).Hydrogenated Nitrile (HNBR, HSN)Heat resistance• Up to 150°C (300°F)Cold flexibility• Down to approximately 48°C ( 55°F)Chemical resistance• Aliphatic hydrocarbons.• Vegetable and animal fats and oils.• HFA, HFB and HFC hydraulic fluids.• Dilute acids, bases and salt solutions at moderate temperatures.• Water and steam up to 149°C (300°F).• Ozone, aging and weathering.Not compatible with:• Chlorinated hydrocarbons.• Polar solvents (ketones, esters and ethers).• Strong acids.Perfluoroelastomer (FFKM)Heat resistance• Up to 320°C (608°F).Cold flexibility• 18°C to 26°C (0°F to 15°F).Chemical resistance• Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.• Chlorinated hydrocarbons.• Polar solvents (ketones, esters, ethers).• Inorganic and organic acids.• Water and steam.• High vacuum with minimal loss in weight.Not compatible with:• Fluorinated refrigerants (R11, 12, 13, 113, 114, etc.)• Perfluorinated lubricants (PFPE)Polyacrylate (ACM)Heat resistance• Up to approximately 177°C (350°F).Cold flexibility• Down to approximately 21°C ( 5°F ).Chemical resistance• Mineral oil (engine, gear box, ATF oil).• Ozone, weather and aging.Not compatible with:• Glycol based brake fluid (Dot 3 and 4).• Aromatics and chlorinated hydrocarbons.• Hot water, steam.• Acids, alkalis, amines.Polyurethane (AU, EU)Heat resistance• Up to approximately 82°C (180°F).Cold flexibility• Down to approximately 40°C ( 40°F).Chemical resistance• Pure aliphatic hydrocarbons (propane, butane).• Mineral oil and grease.• Silicone oil and grease.• Water up to 50°C (125°F).Not compatible with:• Ketones, esters, ethers, alcohols, glycols.• Hot water, steam, alkalis, amines, acids.Silicone Rubber (Q, MQ, VMQ, PVMQ)Heat resistance• Up to approximately 204°C (400°F) special compounds up to 260°C (500°F).Cold flexibility• Down to approximately 54°C ( 65°F) special compounds down to 115°C ( 175°F).Chemical resistance• Animal and vegetable oil and grease.• High molecular weight chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons (including flame resistant insulators, and coolant for transformers).• Moderate water resistance.• Diluted salt solutions.• Ozone, aging and weather.Not compatible with:• Superheated water steam over 121°C (250°F).• Acids and alkalis.• Low molecular weight chlorinated hydrocarbons(trichloroethylene).• Hydrocarbon based fuels.• Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene).• Low molecular weight silicone oils.Tetrafluoroethylene Propylene (AFLAS)Heat resistance• Up to approximately 232°C (450°F).Cold flexibility• Down to approximately 9°C (15°F). Compatible with• Bases.• Phosphate Esters.• Amines.• Engine Oils.• Steam and hot water.• Pulp and paper liquors.Not compatible with:• Aromatic Fuels.• Ketones.• Chlorinated hydrocarbons.两个感想:1.工作生活中,常常碰到很多人不严谨操作,虽然丁晴橡胶确实使用范围很广,但不可以:“一料走天下”,或者按照价格划分,“好点的就是氟橡胶了,那个贵,耐酸碱”,贵并不是合适的理由,可以看出,氟橡胶的低温特性并不好,且我们的介质并不是酸碱,不能一概而论,这些都是些无知的表现。2.顶级技术,最终都要追溯到基础科学或材料学,同样是丁晴橡胶,别人就有耐低温的丁晴橡胶和耐高温的丁晴橡胶,我们有这个选择吗?附件parker公司的原始资料 - 隐藏 -
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液压介质,航空油液特性资料
 这张照片是不是很美,多年来,一直搞航空,总会和这些油液打交道,特意做了油液样本的收藏,觉得很有意义。  航空油液的特性是搞液压必须研究的东西,尤其是油液的黏度,可润滑性,密度,腐蚀性,都需要关注。  所以,特意整理了本帖,来汇总分享,顺便说一声,在整理油液资料的时候,还有意外的发现,一个国外的网站,竟然油液的资料收录的比较全面,不知道正常国内能不能打开。  需要特别说明一下,搜索资料的时候,需要找到老外的对应标准,国内油液的称呼或叫法在国外网站是搜索不到的。比如我们说的航空煤油RP 3 对应老外的就是fuel ,mil c 7024 美军mil标准。航空油液特性资料。航空煤油,RP 3,航空红油,YH 15,航空紫油,航空蓝油,LD 4,BMS3 11,航空滑油,MIL PRF 23699航空冷却液 60## - 隐藏 -
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